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Abavelisi abaphezulu abali-10 bokugquma umgangatho eManila, ePhilippines

Umbhali: FAC 2026-06-10 20 imiz efundwayo

1. Ipeyinti yePacific (BOYSEN) Philippines, Inc.

Le nkampani ivelisa i-Acrytex kunye ne-Epoxy Enamel ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Ipeyinti yomgangatho kwaye Ipeyinti yomgangatho wekhonkrithi imigca, edume ngokumelana kwayo neekhemikhali ezingangeni moya kunye nokunamathela kwayo okuphezulu kwiindawo zekhonkrithi. Yasekwa ngo-1953, iPacific Paint yaqala njengomsebenzi omncinci ngaphambi kokuba ifumane ilayisenisi ekhethekileyo yokwenza uphawu lweBoysen oludumileyo oluseCalifornia ngo-1960. Ipotifoliyo yabo enkulu igubungela yonke into ukusuka kwiipeyinti zokwakha zekhwalithi ephezulu, Ipeyinti yomgangatho weselula , ukuya kwiingubo zemizi-mveliso eziqinileyo ezenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu loomatshini. Yonke ibhetshi yengubo yabo yomgangatho iveliswa phantsi kwemigangatho engqongqo yomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kunye nokugcinwa kombala okuhlala ixesha elide. Abathengi bahlala bekhetha iBoysen ngenxa yenethiwekhi yabo enkulu yokusasazwa kuzwelonke kunye nodumo lokuthembeka olwakhiwe kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe. Ngaphezu koko, iingubo zabo ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe ukumelana nokufuma okukhulu kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okufuma aphawuleka kwimozulu yetropiki yasePhilippines. Ukongeza, iqela labo libonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa ebalaseleyo, libonelela ngovavanyo oluneenkcukacha kwindawo yokusebenza kwizicelo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso. Ukukhetha olu phawu kuthetha ukutyala imali kwimveliso enciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka kokugcinwa komgangatho kunye nemijikelo yokuphinda ifakelwe iindleko. Ke ngoko, amashishini athembela kwiingubo zawo ukuba zisinde kwizithuthi ezinzima zeefolokhwe kunye nokucocwa rhoqo kweekhemikhali ngaphandle kokuxobuka. Okubenza bahluke kubo bonke abanye abavelisi sisimo sabo njengenkampani yokuqala yasePhilippines enikwe uphawu lweResponsible Care oluqatshelwayo kwihlabathi liphela lokuvelisa ngendlela yokuziphatha, enobuhlobo nendalo.

Idilesi: 292 D. Tuazon Street, Barangay Manresa, Quezon City, Metro Manila

2. UDavies Paints Philippines, Inc.

I-Davies Paints ibonelela ngeenkqubo zeKeramikote kunye neDavies Powerfloor ezisebenza kakuhle, ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngokugqitywa okungenamthungo, okukhazimlayo okuphezulu okumelana nokugqwala. Yasekwa ngo-1982, inkampani ikhule ukusuka ekubeni ngumvelisi oqhelekileyo ukuya ekubeni yinkampani enamandla yokuvelisa yanamhlanje eyaziwa ngobuchule bayo bobuchwephesha kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo. Banikezela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto Umgangatho wegaraji yokwaleka epoxy , Umgangatho wesamente epoxy , Umgangatho ophantsi we-epoxy , kunye neenkqubo zomgangatho we-polyurethane ezenzelwe izibhedlele, iindawo zokubonisa iimoto, kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla zoshishino apho ucoceko lubaluleke kakhulu. Yonke imveliso ivavanywa ngokungqongqo kwilabhoratri ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokumelana nempembelelo kunye namandla okuxinana. Amashishini athanda iDavies ngenxa yenkxaso yawo yobugcisa egqwesileyo kunye nokukwazi kwawo ukwenza ngokwezifiso imibala kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zophawu lweenkampani. Ngaphezu koko, babeka phambili iifomyula ze-VOC ephantsi kunye nevumba eliphantsi, okwenza iifomyula zabo zikhuseleke ngakumbi kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezinomoya omncinci. Oku kuzinikela kukhuseleko kuqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zinokulungiswa umgangatho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa impilo yabasebenzi abakufutshane. Abakhi bakhetha iifomyula zabo zomgangatho kuba iipropati zokusetyenziswa ezigudileyo zinciphisa ixesha lomsebenzi kwaye zisusa amaqamza omphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga. Ke ngoko, iinkqubo zabo zibonelela ngomqobo ongenakungena kwioyile, iigrisi, kunye neesepha zokucoca zoshishino ezinzima. Ukwahluka kwazo kusekwe kubuchwepheshe babo obukhethekileyo be-Bio-Fresh, obudibanisa iipropati eziphambili ze-antibacterial ngqo kwi-floor coating ukuze kususwe iintsholongwane ngokusisigxina xa ziqhagamshelwana.

Idilesi: 1387-A Mercedes Avenue, eSan Miguel, ePasig City, eMetro Manila

3. Iikhemikhali zokwakha zeBuildrite

I-Buildrite yinkampani ehamba phambili kwizisombululo zobugcisa, ingakumbi i-Buildrite Epoxy yayo. Ukwaleka phantsi uthotho oluneempawu zokuzilinganisa ezisusa ukungafezeki komphezulu ngokulula. Le nkampani yasekwa phantsi kwesambulela seMagna Prime Chemical Technologies ngo-2001 ngenjongo ethile yokwenza ishishini lokwakha lasekuhlaleni libe ngoochwephesha. Uluhlu lweemveliso zabo lukhulu kakhulu, lugubungela yonke into ukusuka kwizithintelo zokuthintela amanzi eziphucukileyo, Ipeyinti yomgangatho , Ukwaleka komgangatho wePolyurea , kwiinkqubo zomgangatho wezakhiwo zoshishino ezixineneyo nezihlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi. Bagcina izixhobo zokwenza izinto ezisemgangathweni ezisebenzisa ubunjineli beekhemikhali obuphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziphene kwimveliso. Ukukhetha iBuildrite kuthetha ukufikelela kwi-"Buildrite Academy" yabo edumileyo, apho bafundisa khona abathengi kunye nabathengisi ngeendlela ezichanekileyo zokufaka izicelo. Ngaphezu koko, iimveliso zabo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulungisa unobangela wokusilela komgangatho wekhonkrithi endaweni yokubonelela nje ngokulungiswa okubonakalayo okwethutyana. Le ndlela yokufundisa inika abanini bamashishini uxolo lwengqondo, besazi ukuba umgangatho wabo uphathwa ngenkqubo eqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi. Ukongeza, iingubo zabo zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okumangalisayo, okuvumela umgangatho ukuba ufunxe ukungcangcazela kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka. Okubenza bahluke ngokwenene yindlela yabo yoSetyenziso lweSistimu, eqinisekisa ukuba yonke iprimer, isiseko, kunye netopcoat isebenza ngokuvumelana kweekhemikhali ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze kuhlale ixesha elide kwisakhiwo.

Idilesi: No. 17 Felix Avenue, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal (Inkonzo kuMetro Manila)

4. ISika Philippines, Inc.

I-Sika ifana neSwiss precision, inikezela ngomgca weSikafloor ogqwesileyo owaziwa kwihlabathi liphela ngamandla awo amangalisayo oomatshini kunye namaxesha okupholisa ngokukhawuleza. I-Sika Philippines yasungulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1993, izisa ikhulu leminyaka yelifa lehlabathi kwiikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ngqo kwindawo yokwakha yasePhilippines. Baziingcali kwi-epoxy ephezulu, i-polyurethane, kunye nomgangatho we-resinous odla ngokuchazwa kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya zamazwe ngamazwe, izityalo zokucubungula ukutya, kunye neelabhoratri zamayeza. Umgangatho weemveliso zabo uqinisekiswa ziziqinisekiso eziqinileyo zehlabathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyamelana noxinzelelo olukhulu lobushushu kunye nemithwalo enzima yamavili. Iinjineli ezingoochwephesha zikhetha i-Sika kuba iinkqubo zabo zomgangatho zixhaswa luphando olubanzi lwehlabathi kunye nophuhliso. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho babo bokuvelisa basekhaya kweli lizwe buvumela ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuhlolwa kweendawo zobugcisa ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke iMetro Manila. Iingubo zabo zenza umphezulu ongenazimbobo ngokupheleleyo, othintela ukukhula kwesikhunta esiyingozi kunye neebhaktheriya kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokutya. Ke ngoko, abaphathi bokuthenga bayabakhetha xa iiprojekthi zifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kwemigaqo yezempilo nokhuseleko yamazwe ngamazwe. Okubenza bahluke kwabanye abavelisi yingcamango yabo yeTotal Solution, apho babonelela kwaye baqinisekise yonke i-stack yobugcisa ukusuka kwi-admixtures zekhonkrithi ukuya kwi-topcoats yokugqibela phantsi kwewaranti yomenzi omnye.

Idilesi: Iyunithi A & B, 888 Marcos Alvarez Avenue, Barangay Talon, Las Piñas City, Metro Manila

5. Izincamathelisi zePioneer (iiRiphabliki Chemical Industries)

I-Pioneer ligama elidumileyo elivelisa i-Pioneer Epoxy Floor Coating, imveliso edumileyo ngokuqina kwayo okuqinileyo kunye nokumelana ngokupheleleyo neemveliso zepetroleum. Le nkampani iqalela emva kowe-1958, iqala njengeshishini elincinci elathi ekugqibeleni laba ngumenzi ophambili wezinto zokuncamathelisa kunye neeresini zemizi-mveliso kweli lizwe. Uluhlu lwabo lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo luquka ii-epoxies zomgangatho ophezulu, ii-arhente zokubopha izakhiwo, kunye nezitywina zokukhusela ezisebenza nzima ezilungiselela abaphuhlisi bemizi-mveliso. Yonke imveliso yokugquma umgangatho yenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto eziluhlaza zeprimiyamu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ocociweyo awutshiki okanye wonakale ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abathengi bayamthemba uPioneer ngenxa yelifa labo lamandla eminyaka emininzi; iimveliso zabo zenzelwe ukusinda kwiindawo ezinzima zezityalo zokwenza imveliso. Ukongeza, bagcina iqela lenkonzo yabathengi kunye nobunjineli elifikelelekayo elibonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba ngenyathelo ngenyathelo kwizicelo ezinzima zemizi-mveliso. Iifomyula zabo zenzelwe ukunamathela okuhle, oko kuthetha ukuba ukugquma kubopha nzulu kwiimbobo zekhonkrithi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuthintela umphunga wamanzi ekutyhaleni ipeyinti phantsi kweslab. Ukwahluka kwabo kusekelwe kwizixhobo zabo zovavanyo zePioneer Lab, ezibavumela ukuba benze ngokwezifiso iingubo zomgangatho ukuze bamelane nemixube ethile yeekhemikhali enokutsha kakhulu esetyenziswa ngumzi-mveliso othile womthengi.

Idilesi: IZiko leJWS, 731 Aurora Blvd., eQuezon City, eMetro Manila

6. Iingubo zaseAsia Phils., Inc.

I-Asian Coatings ngumvelisi oyintloko yeemveliso ezaziwayo zeRain or Shine kunye neWelcoat, ezibonelela ngee-enamel zomgangatho ezihlala ixesha elide ezibonelela ngokumelana okuhle kwe-UV. Yasekwa ngo-1970, le nkampani ichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu iphucula iindlela zayo zeekhemikhali ukuze ihlangabezane nemingeni ethile yemozulu yamashishini asePhilippines. Banikezela ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeengubo zerabha ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine kunye neepeyinti zomgangatho ezinzima ezifanelekileyo kwiigaraji zokupaka, iinkundla zebhasikithi, kunye neendlela zokuhamba. Iinkqubo zabo zokwenza izinto zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezizenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umbala uhlala ufana kumawaka eegaloni. Abanini bamashishini babakhetha ngenxa yeemodeli zabo zamaxabiso angabizi kakhulu ezibonelela ngobuhle bezorhwebo obuphezulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweprojekthi. Ngaphezu koko, ubukho babo obuninzi kwiinethiwekhi zokuthengisa izixhobo kulo lonke elaseManila kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukufumana izinto ezongezelelweyo ngexesha elifutshane. Iingubo zomile ziye zigqibelele ngokuqinileyo, zithambileyo ezivumela ukwanda kwendalo kunye nokufinyela kwekhonkrithi ngexesha leentsuku ezishushu. Ke ngoko, ibonelela ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiindawo zorhwebo zangaphandle kunye neendawo zokulayisha ezivulekileyo kwimizi-mveliso. Into ebenza bahluke kwabanye abavelisi bubuchwepheshe babo bokwenza izinto eziqinileyo, obuvumela abafake izicelo ukuba bafumane ifilimu etyebileyo nekhuselayo besebenzisa ii-coat ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa neepeyinti eziqhelekileyo.

Idilesi: 48 Amang Rodriguez Avenue, Santolan, Pasig City, Metro Manila

7. IJotun Philippines, Inc.

I-Jotun inikezela ngoluhlu oluphezulu lwe-Jotafloor, oluyilwe ukubonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba ukusuka kwi-matte ekhazimlayo ukuya kwi-gloss ephezulu ngelixa lugcina ukumelana neekhemikhali okugqithisileyo. Le nkampani yezizwe ngezizwe yaseNorway yaseka ubukho bayo obuqinileyo basePhilippines ukuze ikhonze amacandelo olwandle, ioyile, kunye negesi, izisa iingubo zokukhusela ezikumgangatho wehlabathi kunxweme lwaseManila. Imbali yabo yenkampani ichazwa kukufuna ukhuseleko lwehlabathi lonke lwezinto, okubonisa ukuzinikela kwabo ekukhuseleni ikhonkrithi kunye nentsimbi kwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu. Umgangatho weengubo zabo zomgangatho uyamangalisa, besebenzisa i-polymer chemistry ephucukileyo ukumelana nokukrwelwa okurhabaxa koomatshini bemizi-mveliso enzima. Abathengi bakhetha i-Jotun xa befuna ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo lomgangatho kwiipropati ezinexabiso eliphezulu, iigaraji zokuhlala zodidi oluphezulu, okanye iindawo zokucubungula iikhemikhali. Ke ngoko, ubuchule babo ekuthinteleni ukubola kwe-substrate kunye nokuguguleka koomatshini abunakuthelekiswa nanto kwishishini leengubo zoyilo. Iqela labo lobuchwephesha linikezela ngophando olupheleleyo lweengubo kwaye linceda abafakeli bomgangatho kulo lonke ixesha leprojekthi yorhwebo. Ukongeza, iimveliso zabo zineempawu ezintle zokuzithambisa, eziphucula kakhulu ukukhanya ngokubanzi kunye nokukhanya kweendawo zokusebenza zangaphakathi. Into ebenza bahluke kwabanye abavelisi yinkqubo yabo yehlabathi yeGreen Steps, eqinisekisa ukuba uphahla lwabo olusebenza kakuhle lugcina umkhondo wekhabhoni ephantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo.

Idilesi: Unit 2101, 21st Floor, Asian Star Building, Filinvest City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City

8. I-Treasure Island Industrial Corp. (Iipeyinti zeSiqithi)

I-Island Paints ivelisa ngokuzingca i-Island Premium Epoxy, i-floor coating ekhethekileyo eyaziwa ngokukhazimla kwayo okuqaqambileyo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukumelana nokukhuhla rhoqo ngoomatshini. Ukusukela oko yasekwa ngo-1976, i-Treasure Island iye yaguquka yaba ngumdlali ophambili kwicandelo leekhemikhali zasePhilippines, igxile ekugqityweni kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokuhombisa. Ikhathalogu yabo yemveliso ibanzi, ine-coating ekhethekileyo yesinyithi, umthi, kunye nekhonkrithi eyenzelwe ngokugqibeleleyo iindawo ezishushu. Banyanzelisa imigaqo engqongqo yokulawula umgangatho kwizityalo zabo zokwenza imveliso, beqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi inika ukumelana okuhle kokukrwela kunye nobunzima. Amashishini akhetha i-Island Paints ngenxa yokuqonda kwawo okunzulu ngekhonkco lokubonelela lendawo kunye nokufumaneka kwayo rhoqo kwemveliso kwindawo yedolophu. Ukongeza, babonelela ngexabiso elihle kakhulu ngemali, benza iinkqubo zomgangatho we-epoxy ezikumgangatho ophezulu, zobungcali zifikeleleke kumashishini amancinci naphakathi. I-coating ecociweyo isebenza njengesikhuselo ekungeneni komswakama, ithintela amanzi ekubeni buthathaka isiseko sekhonkrithi esingaphantsi kwexesha. Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zabo zomgangatho zixhathisa kakhulu ukutyheli, zigcina iindawo zorhwebo zibonakala zikhanya kwaye zicocekile iminyaka. Ukwahluka kwazo kuxhomekeke kubunjineli bazo obukhethekileyo beTropical Formulation, obubangela ngokukodwa ukufuma okuphezulu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukuthintela ukudumba kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukudumba, okanye ukuxobuka.

Idilesi: 255 AS Fortuna Street, eMandaue City (Indawo enkulu yoSasazo kunye neNtengiso eMetro Manila)

9. I-Syncwin Coating & Wires, Inc.

I-Sycwin ibonelela ngeengubo zomgangatho ezikhethekileyo zePureCoat Premium, ezibonelela ngomphezulu oqinileyo, okulula ukuwucoca ofanelekileyo kwiindawo zorhwebo, iinkampani, kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Yasekwa ngo-1970, inkampani yaqala yagxila ekwenzeni iingcingo zombane kunye neentambo ngaphambi kokuba yandise ubuchule bayo bobunjineli kwiipeyinti zoshishino ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Benza uluhlu olulinganisiweyo lweenkqubo zomgangatho we-epoxy kunye nee-enamel zomgangatho ezibeka phambili ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nomlinganiselo wokuxuba olusebenziseka lula kubakhi. Umgangatho weemveliso zabo uxhaswa ziziqinisekiso ze-ISO, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iifomyula zabo zeekhemikhali zihlangabezana nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokuqina. Abathengi bakhetha iSycwin ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuvelisa edibeneyo, eqinisekisa ukuhambelana okupheleleyo kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi kuzo zonke iimveliso zabo zeekhemikhali. Ngaphezu koko, iingubo zabo zomgangatho zenzelwe ukuba zingabi nevumba eliphantsi, okuvumela ukuphinda kuhlale iiofisi kunye neendawo zorhwebo ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa. Ukugqitywa komgangatho okubangelwayo kubonelela ngokumelana okuhle kokutyibilika, okuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lomsebenzi kwiindawo ezinokuba nokuchitheka kolwelo. Ngaphezu koko, iingubo zabo zigcina inqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana nobushushu, okwenza zifaneleke kwimigangatho ekufutshane noomatshini bemizi-mveliso enzima okanye amagumbi eseva. Inzuzo yabo ekhethekileyo bubuchule babo obubini kwiikhemikhali zoshishino kunye neziseko zombane, nto leyo ebanika umbono owahlukileyo wokuvelisa umgangatho okhethekileyo we-anti-static kunye ne-ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) kwiindawo zobugcisa.

Idilesi: 93 Joy Street, Grace Village, Quezon City, Metro Manila

10. I-Century Chemical Corporation

I-Century Chemical ngumvelisi weengubo zomgangatho ezithembekileyo zase-Atlantic nase-Anvil, ezihlonitshwayo ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokwakha eziphezulu kunye nokumelana neekhemikhali zasekhaya. Le nkampani yasekwa phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwaye igcine udumo oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo lokuvelisa iingubo zomgangatho ezingabizi kodwa ezihlala ixesha elide kwimarike yasePhilippines. Iimveliso zabo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala, iiyunithi zokuvelisa ezilula, kunye neendawo zokuthengisa zorhwebo ngenxa yenkqubo yabo elula nelula yokusebenzisa. Babeka phambili ukusetyenziswa kwee-resin eziphezulu ezibonelela ngekhuselo eliqinileyo ekugugulekeni kwemihla ngemihla, impembelelo, kunye nokuhamba ngeenyawo. Amashishini ayabakhetha ngenxa yexesha labo elide elimangalisayo kwimarike kunye neziphumo eziqikelelweyo nezihambelanayo ezibonelelwa ziifomyula zabo ezivavanyiweyo ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, iingubo zabo zomgangatho zibonelela ngenqanaba elilinganayo lokuguquguquka kunye nobunzima, okuthintela ifilimu yokupenda ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lokuhamba kwe-substrate encinci yekhonkrithi. Iqela labo lenkonzo yabathengi ligqwesile ekuncedeni abanini bamashishini basekuhlaleni bakhethe ubukhulu obufanelekileyo kunye nokudibanisa i-primer kwiintlobo zabo zomgangatho ezithile. Ukongeza, ukugqitywa okugudileyo okunikezelwa ziingubo zabo zomgangatho kwenza ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla kube lula kakhulu, kufuna kuphela ukutshayela nokucola okusisiseko ukuze kuhlale kucocekile. Into eyenza zahluke kukuba zigxile kakhulu ekusebenziseni iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iingubo zazo zinokudibana ngokugqibeleleyo neentlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo ezenziwe ngomthi kunye nezekhonkrithi ngezixhobo ezimbalwa ezikhethekileyo.

Idilesi: 49 Jose P. Bautista St, Malabon, Metro Manila

isabelo

Yasekwa ngo-1992, inkampani iye yakha iifektri ezintathu, ezigubungela indawo emalunga nama-50,000 eemitha zesikwere. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yamava obugcisa kwimveliso yepeyinti kunye nokwakhiwa, inenkqubo ebanzi yophando kunye nophuhliso, imveliso, ukuthengisa kunye nokwakha. Inkampani inentsebenziswano yexesha elide kunye neDow Chemical (USA) kunye neYunivesithi yaseHunan.

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